Psychology of Flight Anxiety
Copyright © 2006 by SOAR, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of the SOAR Course may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or other means without prior written permission of SOAR Incorporated, Box 747, Westport, CT 06881-0747.
Disclaimer Of All Warranties And Liability
SOAR, Inc. makes no warranties, either expressed or implied with respect to SOAR Audio Course or its fitness for any purpose other than that of providing educational information. It is sold with the understanding that in no event will SOAR, Inc. , those editing or contributing to the SOAR Course, be liable for direct, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages resulting from its use.
Table of Contents
1. Welcome
2. Introduction
3. What Causes Fear of Flying
4. How Fear Of Flying Develops and How It Can Be Gotten Rid Of
5. Seven levels of arousal
6. Take Along My Phone Numbers
1. Welcome
Problems with flying can lead us to think we lack something. Actually, we lack nothing. All that is needed to fly comfortably and confidently is motivation and adequate assistance. If you are motivated to succeed, I believe our assistance will give you the results you want.
No other way to deal with flying equals what we have here. The SOAR Video Course on DVD is - by itself enough for almost everyone. When the Course is followed with a one-to-one counseling session tailored to meet individual needs, we rarely - if ever - fail to achieve success.
At this point, however, almost everyone seems sure nothing will work. What a difference they find when they later fly! I am truly pleased that you are beginning. I look forward to sharing your joy, excitement and pride when the whole world is open to you.
But looking forward can lead to anxiety. Why? To master anything, we first learn “how to”. Then, we “do”. If we think of doing something before we know how to so it, we become anxious. It is like being thrown into a pool before knowing how to swim.
So - when you think ahead toward successful flying - you may feel anxious. This is completely natural. But when you have completed SOAR you will know “how to”. Until then, whenever you feel doubtful, whenever you feel uncomfortable, remember - next time you fly you will be prepared - next time can feel different - next time you will have a number of new ways to control unwanted feelings, any one of which can give you the help you need.
But for now, forget control. Be gentle and understanding with yourself. Just allow whatever thoughts, feelings, or doubts you have to be present as you continue learning “how to” gain control over the feelings which have made flying a problem.
As you go through the SOAR Course, certain parts will stand out. Make notes so you can locate them later. This enables you to review more efficiently to brush up when you have not flown for a while.
Some information useful to others will not be useful to you - and may not make sense to you. Don’t spend time digging into information you do not find readily understandable.
If you want to go through a whole CD - or even several CDs - at one time, that can give you an overview. But you really need to spend some time going through each DVD one idea at a time. After the presentation of just one idea, stop the player, and take some time to mull it over. Let that single idea or technique “perk” by remaining active with you for a day. Compare the way you have been seeing things before with using the idea or technique with how your see things without it.
This way, each idea which can make a difference will become part of you, and each idea which does not fit will be discarded. Use the manuals the same way. Read a bit. Then check it out with your own experience for a day.
Each set of CDs provides information you need. You will gain confidence about safety. You will learn techniques which control the feelings you have tried unsuccessfully to control.
The full (guaranteed) SOAR Program consists of the SOAR Audio Course on CD plus a one-to-one counseling session with me - usually by phone - to strengthen your ability to fly. It is designed to locate the process that cause feelings to grow and make changes so that uncomfortable feelings are no longer are present.
Counseling sessions can be done without purchasing any CDs at all. But you have a better foundation if you have gone through the CDs first.
If you have an upcoming flight and feel you need more help, we can schedule a session.
Please feel free to call me at (877) 332-7359 or email me at
tom@fearofflying.com
with any questions you may have.
2. Introduction to the SOAR Audio Course
The SOAR Audio Course contains what might be called “senior information.” By this we mean information which everyone has the capacity to use, yet appears out of reach.
Whatever seems out of reach appears that way because of the concepts we hold about ourselves. We have a concept of who we are (identity) and we have a concept of what we are capable of (ability). Both these concepts are based on the past. Both concepts are based on what psychologists call “mirroring of the self.” Other people serve as “mirrors” of who we are. The problem is, what others “mirror” back to us is distorted. The “mirroring” others give us provides us with our “self-image.” Since the “mirroring” is distorted, we gain a distorted “self-image” or “self-concept.”
Whatever self-image, whatever self-concept we have, it colors the present and limits the future when we operate in our ordinary way. Though a “good” self-concept gives us more confidence than a “poor” self-concept, both can limit us when we operate in our ordinary way.
Ordinarily, we regulate how much effort we commit to an activity. Ordinarily, we measure out a 50%, 80%, or 100% effort. All of these, 50%, 80%, or 100%, are in proportion to what we - based on these concepts - believe we are capable of.
When we operate in an ordinary way, what we believe is our maximum effort is something other than that. It is actually a MEASURED effort, 100% of what we believe we are capable of based on these concepts.
Since our self-concept is based on the past, when we operate in an ordinary way, we allow our future to be determined by our past.
The SOAR Course is about discovering your ability to operate in a way which is not simply a function of the past. Senior information presents this choice.
Given less than “senior information,” people necessarily fail. Less than “senior information” is dispensed when what works is not known, or when it appears the recipient does not have the capacity to use what works. Some who approach teaching others to overcome fear of flying take the position that people who have fears are not very capable, and have to be given “crutches.”
They tell people that flying is absolutely safe. Nothing is absolutely safe. Everything we do has some level of risk, and everything we decide not to do also involves some risk.
People who have fears are capable. They don’t have to be misled in order to fly. In fact, people who have fears are potentially more capable that others, because they are more in touch with their feelings and with themselves. It is only because they lack certain “senior information” that they appear to be less capable. We have found no one, willing to follow the instructions of the SOAR Course, who has not been able to succeed.
That which works does so so invisibly that we do not notice it. Or, if we do notice it, we fail to be impressed. What works and works so invisibly? This: when you choose to move your finger, your finger moves.
When you can be impressed with this phenomenon, overwhelmed by its simplicity and in awe with its being miraculous, then you will have made a start.
The SOAR Course is education and informational in nature. It is in itself neither psychotherapy nor intended to be therapeutic.
We do provide counseling services which, when combined with the SOAR Audio Course, constitutes our Full Guaranteed Program. Counseling is also available separately.
For other therapeutic assistance, a qualified professional should be consulted. Information contained in the SOAR Audio Course may be a useful adjunct to such therapy.
If any question about emotional of physical fitness to fly exists or arises, these should be addressed by a qualified therapist or a qualified physician before flying.
Though the education and information provided in the Course, many people have discovered an ability to fly satisfactory. SOAR cannot guarantee the results for any individual other than as follows:
When you fly after completing the full program (which consists of the SOAR Audio Course and one-to-one counseling) if you are not satisfied, you receive a full refund.
You Have Already Done The Toughest Part.
You have already done the toughest part of overcoming fear of flying. You have overcome two elements which can bar success. They are:
- 1. unawareness that fear plays a dominant role in determining our choices and actions; and,
- 2. lack of determination to regain control.
This is important. Everyone has fear. Some are aware of fear, but keep it covered up. Some have hidden their fear so well that they no longer are aware that they have it. They are not in a position to accept what SOAR has to offer.
Your awareness about fear provides a unique opportunity. This opportunity is so remarkable that you may later be grateful you had this problem to deal with and to learn from.
You have both the desire and the determination to deal with fear. You might be surprised how many people contact us and claim they are interested in dealing with the problem . . . but later. They do nothing. It is all talk.
You are not all talk. You are in action. I congratulate you for what you are doing. It is a great pleasure for us to assist you in getting what you want. It is wonderful for us to know people who - like you - are in touch with feelings and are open about feelings. It is inspiring to work with
people who are determined and courageous.
Being Courageous
You may not think of yourself as courageous. Most people think courage is not having fear at all. We think being courageous is having fear and being willing to have it while continuing. Ralph Waldo Emerson agreed. He said: “Courage consists in equality to the problem before us.”
It is not courageous to do something which we do not fear. Courageous means being open enough and real enough and whole enough to have fear, and continue anyway.
Fearlessness Is Foolishness
Airline flying is not risky. Some other flying, such as in supersonic jet Fighters, is downright hazardous. Fighter pilots have this saying: “There are old pilots, and there are bold pilots, but there are no old bold pilots.”
Fearlessness Is Fear That Is Covered Up
Much of what passes for courage is actually fear, the fear of appearing fearful. Fearlessness is fear that is covered up.
We do NOT teach people to be fearless. We do NOT teach people to ignore fear. We do NOT teach people to block fear. I have known many great race drivers and fighter pilots. None of them used such methods.
Some were aware of their fear but did not know how to integrate it. They did not let fear stop them. They toughed their way through. But, because fear was not embraced, and thus integrated, it bothered them enough to keep them from performing with the best.
Facing Fear
Others pretended to be fearless. They sought to prove what they pretended was true. In their quest, they overextended real limits. None of them survived.
Face And Embrace Fear
The great ones, though, not only recognized fear but embraced fear. This allowed them to integrated it into the fabric of their experience. They did nothing to “deal with” fear. Instead, they simply allowed fear to be a necessary part of doing anything new, of doing anything unknown, and doing anything which appears to involve risk. They lived, loved, flew and drove on the edge of what is possible and what is fatal and survived. THEY WERE MAGIC! They performed brilliantly. As if living a charmed life, they seemed able to enter the jaws of disaster and return. Theirs was a different sort of boldness - not boldness to establish their fearlessness - but the boldness to recognize fear and continue, ultimately embracing fear and making fear an
integral part of experiences.
Does it seem bold to embrace fear? It is not. When we look unreservedly at things, we embrace them as they are. To face and embrace life’s unknowns and risks is an authentic form of self-expression.
Fear Is Essential
It is essential to have fear. We need it to alert us when danger MAY be present. It automatically prepares the body for action. We master fear by learning to embrace it as a natural and essential part of living; otherwise, fear masters us.
Fear Dominates Us If We Resist It
If we are unwilling to experience the sensations of readiness which we call fear, we avoid all that is unfamiliar and unknown.
It is impossible to block these normal physical sensations. They stop only through a process in which the unfamiliar becomes familiar, or the unknown becomes known. Psychologists call this process “desensitization.” It simply means after enough exposure to something, automatic reactions when exposed to it no longer take place because it has become familiar and known.
Unwillingness to experience these sensations blocks the “desensitization” process. Blockage of the process causes fear to become fixed, which can lead A person to make to major compromise: avoidance of all activity that is unfamiliar or unknown.
An Essential Distinction
We need to begin making a distinction between fear and danger. What we call fear is the body going on alert. The best alert is instantaneous and automatic. This is what the mind-body interaction provides. But fear is ONLY an alert signal. FEAR SIGNIFIES UNCERTAINTY. FEAR DOES NOT EQUAL DANGER. Our correct response to the alert signal is to resolve the uncertainty. If there is in fact danger, action may be necessary. For that possibility, the body is primed by fear to be ready.
Neither fear not the physical sensations connected with fear are equivalent to danger. The sensations are frequently just a false alarm.
We are slow when we wake up in the morning. Yet, we are instantly ready for action if a smoke-alarm sounds during our sleep. There may be no danger, but we are ready in case there is.
Yes, we experience these physical sensations in some cases of real danger. But just as often, we are exposed to real danger and experience no physical sensations at all. Many times when driving cars come toward you at 50 M.P.H. and pass by with a spacing of only a few feet. Some of these cars are driven by people impaired by alcohol or drugs. Almost every time you get in a car, you place yourself in genuine danger. But you have done this so many times, you are desensitized. Though you are in real danger, your alarm does not
produce the physical sensations of fear.
Fear Is Like A Smoke Detector
Fear - like a smoke detector alarm in your house - goes off automatically. You can not prevent it unless - unwisely - you disconnect it.
There are people who masquerade as fearless. They may convince us there is something is wrong with us. Many people we work with have been the victim of such deceit. They have been made to believe they are weak because they experience fear’s physical sensations. They have been taught that they have a character defect. To try to be like the “fearless” claim to be, we may seek to rid ourselves of fear’s physical sensations. This is no solution. Your most superhuman efforts will not control fear’s automatic signals.
Fear’s automatic feelings can not be simply “disconnected.” Even if it were possible, it would be unwise. Though there are times when fear is a nuisance, there are also times fear is needed to alert us to a situation which demands action.
Regardless of how disturbing these sensations are, you need to learn not to try to control them. You need to learn not to try to suppress them, nor to deny them. Not because you might succeed and actually “disconnect” them, but because this is wasting efforts trying to do something impossible.
Later on in the SOAR Course you will understand they what you suffer from is not these uncontrollable automatic feelings. Suffering comes primarily due to trying to control uncontrollable automatic feelings.
Some “Senior Information”
If you have been trying to ignore, suppress, deny, or block fear, you need to reverse your orientation. You need to maximize awareness of the physical sensations associated with fear. To begin with, in order to reverse habits, you will need to actively seek maximum awareness of the physical sensations. Later on, you can simply allow these feelings to be.
Non-automatic Thoughts And Feelings Follow The Automatic Ones
Suffering comes primarily from the non-automatic thoughts and feelings which follow automatic feelings. The thoughts and feelings which follow CAN be managed and controlled. This means the primary source of suffering due to fear can be relieved.
How We Begin
How do we deal with these sensations? What is the first step? The first
step is to make several distinctions.
Awareness Is Key
It will take some time and concentration of your awareness. So, we want you now to begin observing in minute detail every sensation and every though you have during the experience of fear. The purpose of this is to begin making it possible for you to notice that there is a distinction between the automatic sensations that occur instantly and the thoughts that follow and themselves cause additional feelings.
To do this, you will need to turn around your orientation from trying to
avoid, trying to ignore, trying to block the physical sensations of fear and
focus your attention powerfully on every nuance, on every slight anxiety,
every suggestion of fear or anxiety, on the earliest, tiniest signal of fear
or anxiety.
Fear and Danger Are Not The Same Thing
Danger is the potential for harm exists. Fear is a constellation of sensations in your body as your body prepares itself in case YOU INTELLECTUALLY determine potential for harm indeed exists.
A Feeling Is Inadequate As Proof Of Danger.
You can be in danger and feel no fear whatsoever. You can be absolutely safe and yet be gripped with terror.
You cannot depend upon feeling. Feeling is inadequate to determine actual potential for harm. Though feeling may have been adequate thousands of years ago in a primitive world, feeling is not even close to adequate in our sophisticated modern world.
Disregard The Kind Of Flying You Wouldn’t Be Involved In
Right from this point, begin making a distinction between flight in the United States and flight in countries which do not provide up-to-date aviation services. Some accidents which occur in third-world countries could not happen in the U.S., Canada, Europe, Australia or Japan.
A distinction will allow you to understand that, although you can read of crashes every day, the flights you are preparing yourself for involve an entirely different form of aviation.
For example, most of us travel in automobiles. What effect would it have on our travel by car to learn of a crash at the Indianapolis 500? A race car crash does not lead us to believe our own car is dangerous. Why? We draw a distinction between race cars and the cars we use. Similarly, no air crash should cause you any concern unless it is a crash of an airline you would ordinarily choose which was operating in a country where you would ordinarily fly.
There is no significant connection between amateur pilots flying small propeller-drive airplanes and profession pilots flying jet-liners . . . Other than both are called airplanes, and both are operated in the air by people called pilots. There is nothing about a crash by an amateur pilot that should lead you to connect risk to flying an airliner piloted by a professional pilot.
Airline Flying Is A Minor Risk
It takes a book larger than the Manhattan telephone directory to list the flights that take place in the U. S. every day. Yet, years go by without a single fatality on any established major airline.
During the SOAR Course you will make distinctions between established major U. S. airlines and other operations. Many new operations have sprung up since deregulation of the airline industry. Some of these new “airlines” are sound, and some are not. But the safety record of the major U. S. airlines - and most foreign airlines - is magnificent.
Less professional operations should be placed in a separate category in your thinking. Yet, even when all airline operations are lumped together, flying is still far safer than driving. In the 70’s flying across the country thirty times was less risky than driving just once. Today, it is even safer.
If something fails on your car, you can simply get out. Since that is not possible on a plane, we speculate that planes are more dangerous. They are not.
If something fails on a car, it stops running. But if something fails on an airliner, it keeps running. A back-up system takes over for every possible failure. There are even back-ups for the back-up systems.
The Safety Of “Third Generation Airliners”
In its thirty years of operation, there has only been one fatal crash of a 747 in the U.S. The design work done on the 747 took aircraft engineering to a new higher standard. As a result of this new standard and the ability these third generations airliners to be landed automatically - removing the possibility of pilot error - there have been no accidents or fatalities with the 757, 767, 777 or the Airbus 319 (and higher numbers).
You are safer while flying these airliners than you are while sleeping at home in your own bed.
The Basis For SOAR
SOAR is based on how pilots and race drivers deal with enormous risk, flying supersonic jet fighter aircraft and driving race cars. Once you learn the secrets of dealing with enormous risk, you will be able to deal with the minor risk of airline flight.
SOAR’s basis was not discovered flying airliners. The risk is far too small. We will always have physical sensations associated with the unfamiliar and the unknown. The feelings you have when boarding an airliner can be very much like the feelings an astronaut has when boarding a rocket.
What we are teaching is what Tom Wolfe called “The Right Stuff,” the ability of astronauts and jet fighter pilots to operate knowing that there is a potential for disaster in what they have chosen to do. They make an assessment of risk potential and make a choice to do it or not. If they
choose to do it, they embrace whatever fear exists while doing it as just a part of the whole experience. This embrace of risk and fear - the “Right Stuff” - allows pilots and astronauts to operate in the most efficient way to maintain their safety, free of risk that they will be overwhelmed by fear.
Everyone has this ability, but it does not become developed in most of us in the ordinary course of life. In SOAR we do not seek to make astronauts or fighter pilots out of you, but to develop this very same quality - this somewhat dormant ability you already have - to embrace and integrate the risks that everyone needs to face when life is well lived.
Many people avoid common minor risks. To face a minor risk after years of avoidance requires more “Right Stuff” than an astronaut needs when being shot off into space. What you are doing is downright heroic!
Congratulate yourself for having the willingness to face this. You have demonstrated - by having started this quest - exactly what Emerson says courage is: “equality to the problem before us.”
3. What Causes Fear Of Flying.
Vulnerability to fear of flying can stem from a lack of something we call “self-soothing.” When the young child starts to walk, and to explore the world, mishaps occur. The child falls or bumps into something. The child rushes back to mom for soothing. If mom is consistently available to provide soothing followed by encouraging the child to try again, her soothing techniques get built into the child’s memory until the child can soothe himself or herself by recalling and imagining mom’s actions.
You can see toddlers “practicing” this by soothing their dolls. In time, self-soothing becomes automatic and operates unconsciously. Things that might upset us get neutralized unconsciously by the self-soothing operating automatically.
Two things can go wrong. One: good self-soothing was not built in; or, two: a good supply was built in but later events damaged it.
Good self-soothing is transportable and genuinely owned by the individual. Some moms supply loads of self-soothing but only through a psychological umbilical cord. When one ventures from home, the cord - like a rubber band - gets stretched, and threatens to break and result in panic.
Some families teach children that safe and unsafe are - not relative - but absolutes. This is an oversimplification. Nothing we do - or nothing we avoid doing - guarantees absolutely safety.
Thus, things we do routinely - even though they have some risk - get put in the “absolutely safe” category because they never killed us. Things we don’t do routinely? Well we aren’t sure. So, without being absolutely sure, since there is no intermediate category (but only safe and unsafe), that activity has to be placed in the “unsafe” category.
We do this without really being aware of it, and unaware of it, we don’t examine this black-and-white thinking. We need to.
If we have been - aware of not - putting things into these absolute categories, when something does go wrong (such as the death of someone special) it throws us for a loop. We thought everything was going to work out. Now we find it is a lie. That kind of trauma can damage self-soothing which is placed on a foundation of absolute safety and unsafety.
When a seemingly reliable supply of self-soothing is tied to these absolute categories, the death or serious injury exposes these belief that “everything is going to work out fine” is a lie, a house of cards we have been depending upon.
This can damage self-soothing in a general way so that anxiety can arise about virtually everything.
Or, a bad flight or being mugged can damage self-soothing in a more limited way so that one avoids flying in similar conditions or certain street situations.
If self-soothing is not transportable, problems arise when going out into the world on our own. Leaving home separates us from our source of soothing. Stress increases in the teens and twenties as we venture from home. We handle the anxiety by maintaining the option - if panic threatens - to turn around and head toward home. Just knowing we have the option can prevent panic and anxiety.
Anything that blocks this option is a threat. Fear of flying presents a dual problem. It blocks our option - if anxiety arises - to head home; the pilot is not going to respond if we change our mind.
But it is worse than that, we have stretched that umbilical cord that is connected to non-transportable self-soothing both horizontally and vertically.
Now that you can see how guarantees of safety, or assurance of safety may not hold up, how is it some people don’t have this problem.
Research by Allan Schore indicates that the area that provides “executive control” of emotions is the right pre-frontal orbito cortex. This area is supposed to develop between birth and eighteen months. The physical development of this area depends upon stimulation. Stimulation causes blood flow in the area which causes that part of the brain to physically increase in size.
What kind of stimulation is needed? The infant needs a mother (or whoever plays the role of mother) who is consistently available and consistently attuned to the child’s feelings and use eye-to-eye contact to signal to the infant that the mother knows what the child is feeling.
To a great extent, our identity is our feelings. The infant seems to believe its identity is its feeling. And if its feelings exist in relationship to the mother in a way that the child feels felt and thus feels understood, the child develops within a context of safety. After all, mom is pretty much all-powerful to the infant, so safety depends upon mom knowing - and caring about - and responding to - the infant’s feelings.
If, on the other hand, the infant’s feelings are not met in this way by the mother, even if the child is well taken care of, the development of the right prefrontal cortex may not be optimal.
We need this area of the brain as adults to regulate our emotions. But without the right kind of attuned stimulation early in life, that part of the brain may not be physically developed as well as we might wish.
4. How Fear Of Flying Develops And How It Can Be Gotten Rid Of
High anxiety levels are the result of a rapid sequence of worries, none of which alone would cause high anxiety. One single thought, no matter how awful, will produce high anxiety.
A troublesome thought sequence develops over time as you collect more and more things to worry about. These are often based on the mistaken belief that you were in danger during flights you took when you were not at all. Other sources include information - often misinformation - in the media. Hollywood contributes to the collection, generally with things that are impossible, but - not being a pilot - how would you know? One particularly difficult thought is what it was like for some person on a doomed flight. What people really experience when doomed, it is not what you imagine.
But you have your own personal file folder entitled “disastrous things that could happen to me if I fly.” Once several ideas have accumulated there, one thought can come to mind, cause anxiety, and trigger another thought, which causes more anxiety, etc.
The sum total of anxiety can reach a high, but tolerable level.
But, when the anxiety-producing sequence has been allowed to run again and again and again, the sequence of fear focus points transforms itself from a rapid-firing sequence which produces high but tolerable anxiety to a group of anxiety-producing thoughts which fire as an intolerable panic-producing unit.
Fortunately, the Strengthening Exercise which you will learn in The Control of Anxiety DVDs disassembles this unit so the whole collection of thoughts stops firing in unison.
The Strengthening Exercise also prevents the anxiety build-up that originally was the problem.
This means that with sufficient practice of the Strengthening Exercise before you
fly, you can not only prevent panic but return to the mild levels of anxiety that went unnoticed back before flying was identified as a problem.
However, the level of anxiety that once went unnoticed will be noticed. Thus, there can be worry that even this mild and once unnoticed anxiety may turn at any moment into panic as it used to prior to learning and practicing the Strengthening Exercise.
Anticipatory anxiety may persist until you have done enough post-Strengthening Exercise flying to develop confidence and reliance on the change.
In the meantime, use the 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 Relaxation Exercise to manage anticipatory anxiety as it arises. It can also be used when in flight as a backup to the Strengthening Exercise, or if you have not yet learned the Strengthening Exercise.
5. Seven Levels Of Arousal
7. flooding
6. agitation/excitement
5. alert processing
4. alert not-processing
3. drowsy
2. active sleep
1. deep sleep
This gives you a sort of road map of where you want to be when flying. You want to be in level 5, alert processing. This is the level at which you have maximum use of your cognitive abilities, and can focus you mind anywhere you want to. In level 6, you cannot focus your mind at will because something is pulling it like a magnet. In level 7, you have so much going on that you can’t process it and panic can take place.
The mistake people make is trying to stay unaware, trying to not think about what they are experiencing; or in other words, they try to stay in level 4, alert not-processing. That doesn’t work because when you don’t process what is coming in and through your mind, it builds up and runs you up to level 7, flooding. It is like charging things on your credit card but doing it without being aware of it. When the bill comes, you may feel panic.
Stay in level 5. The strengthening exercises is designed to automatically help you stay in level 5 where your cognitive abilities are at their peak.
6. TAKE ALONG CAPT TOM’S PHONE NUMBERS
In the US and Canada, toll free (877) 332-7359. Outside, (203) 258-4803.